CHIANG KAI-SHEK, CHINESE NATIONALISM, AND FASCIST IDEOLOGY

CHIANG KAI-SHEK • THE BLUE SHIRTS • THE KUOMINTANG

THE GERMAN MILITARY MISSION TO CHINA • READINGS

CHIANG KAI-SHEK

Biography of Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang and the Black Dragon Society

THE BLUE SHIRTS

"After much deliberation, he (i.e. Chiang) finally said to me, 'I will organize my Blue Shirts! ... The Blue Shirts will be a completely secret system of private investigators. I know the Green and Black Dragon Societies of Japan and the Triad Societies of Shanghai. But I prefer the Black Shirts system of Benito Mussolini of Italy. It would be a splendid idea to organize my own group and call them Blue Shirts.' ... To get the maximum loyalty from these men, they were given lectures on loyalty, on Dr. Sun's Three Principles of the People, and on Nationalism. They were to recognize only the orders of the leader, a principle that was to be their highest law. They were told to forget all other duties except fealty to their boss and to be ever ready to arrest, kill, torture, or mutilate any suspect or culprit that fell into their hands." -- Chiang Kai-shek quoted in Chieh-Ju Chen & Lloyd E. Eastman, Chiang Kai-Shek's Secret past: The Memoir of His Second Wife, Ch'en Chieh-Ju (Westview Press, 1993). pp. 199-201.

The Blue Shirts Society

Biography of Dai Li

THE KUOMINTANG

The Kuomintang

The National Revolutionary Army

THE GERMAN MILITARY MISSION TO CHINA

The German Military Mission to China, 1927-1938

Sino-German Cooperation (1911-1941)

Biography of Hans von Seeckt

Biography of Alexander von Falkenhausen

Bernd Martin, "Germany between China and Japan: German Far-Eastern Policy of the Interwar Period" (PDF File)

READINGS

• Chiang Kai-shek, China's Destiny (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985). DS740.4 .C35413 1985.
   
• Maria Hsia Chang, The Chinese Blue Shirt Society: Fascism and Developmental Nationalism (Berkeley, CA: Center for Chinese Studies, 1985). DS773.83.L363 C43 1985.
   
• Richard Curtis, Chiang Kai-shek (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1969). DS778.C55 C8.
   
• Chung Dooeum, Elitist Fascism: Chiang Kai-Shek's Blue Shirts in 1930s China (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2000). DS773.83.L364 C47 2000.
   
• Lloyd E. Eastman, The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974).
   
• Lloyd E. Eastman, "Fascism in Kuomintang China: The Blue Shirts" in China Quarterly, No. 49 (Jan.- Mar., 1972), pp. 1-31.
   
• Keiji Furuya (ed.), Chiang Kai-shek, His Life and Times (New York: St. John’s University, 1981). DS777.488.C5 S482513 1981.
   
• Hsi-Huey Liang, The Sino-German Connection: Alexander von Falkenhausen between China and Germany 1900-1941 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1978). DS740.5.G2 L5.
   
• Cornelia Spencer, Chiang Kai-shek: Generalissimo of Nationalist China (New York: John Day Co., 1968). DS778.C55 S68.
   
• Frederic Wakeman, Jr., Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003). DS777.488.D35 W353 2003.
   
• Frederic Wakeman, Jr., "A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian Fascism" in China Quarterly, No. 150, Special Issue: Reappraising Republican China (June 1997), pp. 395-432.
   
• Billie K. Walsh, "The German Military Mission in China, 1928-1938" in Journal of Modern History, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1974), pp. 502-513.